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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'><span style=
=3D'font-family:
Arial'>Dr. Gass<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'><span style=
=3D'font-family:
Arial'>HCOM 308<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'><span style=
=3D'font-family:
Arial'>Summer 2009<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'><span style=
=3D'font-family:
Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><b style=
=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><i style=3D'mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style=3D'font-size:1=
4.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Potential Topics for a Quantitative Experime=
nt<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600'>Topic 1:</span>=
</b><span
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600'><o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Topic Area and Communication: </span></b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;mso-=
bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:blue'>Nonverbal communication, more specifically, the effect of
food server touch on tipping behavior of restaurant patrons.<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-fareas=
t-font-family:
PMingLiU;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Independent Variable(s): (groups or conditions=
): </span></b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>The
first independent variable is touch versus no touch by the food server. The
second independent variable is the ethnicity (Anglo-American vs.
African-American) of the food server. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Dependent Variable(s) (outcome measure): </spa=
n></b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>tip
size as a percentage of the total bill.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Hypothesis or Research Question:<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span></span></b><span style=3D'font-fa=
mily:
"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue'>RQ 1 Does food serv=
er
touch significantly improve tipping?<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp;
</span>RQ 2 Does the culture or ethnicity of a food server have a signific=
ant
effect on tipping behavior?</span><span style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Other considerations: </span></b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>sex
of the food server, attractiveness of the food server, ethnicity of the
customer, type of restaurant, size of party</span><b style=3D'mso-bidi-fon=
t-weight:
normal'><span style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600'>Topic 2:</span>=
</b><span
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600'><o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Topic Area and Communication Context: </span><=
/b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>Treatment
for stuttering.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>More specifi=
cally,
are ESL children who stutter better off being treated in their first langu=
age
or their second language?<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>Th=
at is,
does the language used in therapy (L1 versus L2) significantly affect
remediation of stuttering?<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-f=
ont-family:
Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Independent Variable(s): (groups or conditions=
): </span></b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>the
first language of the stutterer (Spanish vs. Vietnamese).<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>The language in which therapy is
provided (first language vs. second language)</span><span style=3D'font-fa=
mily:
Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Dependent Variable(s) (outcome measure): </spa=
n></b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>improvement
in fluency based on the Riley Severity of Stuttering Instrument.<o:p></o:p=
></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-f=
ont-family:
Arial;color:blue'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Hypothesis or Research Question: </span></b><s=
pan
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>H1
Children who are treated for stuttering in their first language, or L1, wi=
ll
improve significantly faster than children who are treated in their second
language, or L2.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; </span>RQ1 Does tr=
eatment
of stuttering in one language generalize to a second language?<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'>Other considerations</span></b><span
style=3D'font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:blue=
'>:
boys versus girls who stutter, therapists&#8217; knowledge and experience,
severity of the child&#8217;s stuttering before treatment, age of the chil=
d<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b style=3D'mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p>

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