Extra Credit: Name That Cause

NAME THAT CAUSE!<= o:p>

A baker’s d= ozen causal arguments

Extra Credit Assignment. This assignment is worth 3 points maximum toward the next exam. To earn all 3 points you must answer 8 or more questions correctly.=

Identify the type of caus= al reasoning used in each of the arguments below. Choose from the following types:

partial/contri= butory cause(s)

necessary caus= e

sufficient cau= se

sole cause (necessary and sufficient)

effect to cause (sign reasoning)

reciprocal cau= se

causal “chain”

1. “The evidence suggests that Thimerosal, a mercury-laden ingredient in children's vaccines is responsible for the growth of autism in the United States.”

A. sole cause

B. reciprocal cause

= C. partial/contributory cause

= D. effect to cause

2. During her acceptance speech, an actress who has ju= st won an Oscar says, “First, I want to thank my parents. Without their love and encourageme= nt, I wouldn’t be standing here today.”

A. sole cause

B. effect to cause

C. necessary cause

D. sufficient cause

3. Nadine was born in the United States, so that automatically makes her a U.S. citizen.

A. sole= cause

B. nece= ssary cause

C. suff= icient cause

D. reciprocal causation

4. Children who are exposed to classical music during infancy display superior math skills compared to children who are not so exposed.

A. sole= cause

B. nece= ssary cause

C. suff= icient cause

D. effect to cause

5. Calif= ornia lottery slogan: You can’t win if you don’t play.

A. nece= ssary cause

B. suff= icient cause

C. sole= cause

D. causal chain

6. A doctor tells a patient, “your heart problem= s are the result of smoking, obesity, and lack of exercise. If you want to avoid a heart attac= k you need to quit smoking, lose weight, and exercise regularly.”

A. contributory causes

B. effect to cause

C. sole cause

D. necessary cause

7. Babbs tell her Mom, “I have to get an iPhone, otherwise my friends will think I’m a major dork.”

A. nece= ssary cause

B. suff= icient cause

C. sole= cause

D. causal chain

8. Bubba has a black eye. He must have gotten into a fight. =

A. sole cause

B. necessary cause

C. partial/contributory cause

D. effect to cause

9. According to article 1, section 2 of the constituti= on, a person cannot be elected to the office of President of the United States unless she or h= e is at least 35 years old.

A. sole= cause

B. nece= ssary cause

C. suff= icient cause

D. effect to cause

E. causal chain

10. In order to start a fire three ingredients must be present: oxygen, heat, and some form of fuel.

A. necessary cause

B. effect to cause

C. reciprocal cause

D. causal chain

11. If society legalizes euthanasia, then pressure wil= l be put on the elderly, the infirm, and the poor to consent to assisted suicide because they are a “burden” on society. Next pressure will be put on anyon= e who is cognitively impaired or physically challenged to “make room” by opting for euthanasia.

A. necessary cause

B. effect to cause

C. reciprocal cause

D. causal chain

12. “I overeat because I have low self concept, = and I have low self concept because I’m overweight.”

A. necessary cause

B. effect to cause

C. reci= procal cause

D. sole= cause

&n= bsp;

13. “The Bun-Master: It’s the one and only= way to get tighter, firmer buns. = And it’s guaranteed to work!”

A. necessary cause

B. effect to cause

C. reci= procal cause

D. sole= cause

&n= bsp;