Study Guide for Test 1

Dr. Gass

HCOM 235

Fall 2009

= Test 1 Study Guide

Your exam will consist of 60-70 multiple choice questi= ons covering material from class lecture and the book. You are responsible for all the material covered in class lectures and assigned readings. The study gui= de below highlights key terms and concepts you will need to know. Much of the material on the test w= ill be drawn from class lecture, and much of this material is not in the text. You may access the class lecture material from my website: http://commfaculty.fullerton.edu/rgass

You should bring a Scantron 882E <= /b>answer sheet with you to the exam.

Chapter 1 = Nature of Argument

d= efinition of argument, p. 3

Elaboration Likelihoo= d Model or ELM, pp. 4-5

            =     central route, central processing

            =     peripheral route, peripheral processing; relies on “heuristic cues”

c= haracteristics of argument

            =     instrumental communication, p. 3

            =     reliance on reasoning and proof, p. 3

            =     emphasis is on reason-giving

            =     form of persuasion, p. 4

            =     argument versus persuasion, p. 4

            =     characterized by controversy, p. 5
deals with probabilities not certainties

            =     rule-governed, p. 5

audience-centered, p. 6

process, p. 21

emphasizes probabilities, not certainties, p. 21

pro-social view of argument

deduction or formal logic versus inductive reasoning and everyday argument=

t= hree perspectives of argument

            =     rhetorical perspective, p. 7-8, 10-11

            =     dialectical perspective, p. 8-9, 11-12

            =     logical perspective, p. 9-10, 12-13<= /p>
e= thical standards

            =     teleological ethics, p. 14

            =     deontological ethics, p. 14

            =     clarity, p. 17

            =     honesty, pp. 17-18

            =     efficiency, pp. 18-19

            =     relevance, p. 18-19

            =     discourse ethics, p. 19-20

prosocial vie= w of argument

   &nbs= p;        arguing is essential for decision making and problem so= lving

            =     arguing gets issues out in the open, on the table=

            =     arguing is a peaceful method of conflict management

Critical T= hinking

p= eople often fail to use critical thinking<= /span>

p= eople who act irresponsible tend to lack critical thi= nking skills

p= eople who lack critical thinking skills don’t k= now they lack critical thinking skills

d= efinition of critical thinking (Nori= ss)

i= mportance of critical thinking in career paths=

h= abitual, impulse behavior versus critical thinking=

r= eflexive response versus reflective response<= /span>

i= ntuition versus reflection

c= learly defining the issue

a= sk what could go wrong

e= mphasize reason over emotion

e= xamples of lapses in critical thinking (lots of examples provided in class)

t= hinking critically about one’s values<= /span>

Chapter 2<= o:p>

a= rgument fields, pp. 25-26

            =     field dependent argument, p. 25

            =     field invariant argument, pp. 25-26<= /p>
   &nbs= p;

Tests of S= ources and Source Credibility

i= s the source known?

u= nknown or incomplete sources

p= seudo-sources

p= rimary versus secondary sources

e= xpertise: is the source qualified? p. 123

f= alse expertise

w= ays of evaluating expertise

e= valuating credibility on the Web

s= cholarly refereed journal articles as the “gold standard” of credibility

c= ontrolled clinical trial as the “gold standard̶= 1; for medical/health information

s= ource objectivity versus source bias, p. 123

“Hostile Media Effect”

l= imitations of Web-based sources

e= valuating Web-based sources

Wikipedia strengths a= nd weaknesses

r= eliability of sources

r= eluctant testimony

Chapter 3<= o:p>

t= ypes of claims, pp. 45-48

factual claims, p. 45

clue words for identifying claims

value/judgment claims, pp. 45-46

policy claims, p. 47-48

definitional/classification claims

f= act versus inference confusion

Chapter 5 = Toulmin model

c= laims, pp. 83-85

            =     fact, p. 83

            =     definition, p. 83

            =     value (judgment), p. 83

            =     policy, p. 83

g= rounds, pp. 88-92

            =     types of grounds

            =     clue words for identifying grounds
w= arrants, pp. 92-94

            =     implicit, unstated

            =     types of warrants

            =     multi-warranted arguments

q= ualifier, p. 96

(= note: you don’t need to know backing or rebuttal)

You should be able to= analyze a brief argument and identify the claim, grounds, and warrant